Broadly there are two types of surgery of the pancreas. In the condition called focal Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI), where only a small part of the pancreas is affected, surgery to the affected area can be done with complete cure. However, occasionally when the focal CHI is in a part of the pancreas which is close to important structures, surgery may not be the best thing to do. In particular, if the focal CHI is close to a bit of plumbing called the 'bile duct', it may be wise to defer surgery and treat with medicines.
For diffuse CHI, treatment with medicines has to be tried first. If medicines do not work, surgery is the only option. Here surgery involves removal of most of the pancreas. This may improve the sugars, but in time, the child is likely to be diabetic. With diabetes, less insulin is produced from the small amount of pancreas left behind. The child will then require insulin injections every day.